Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i loko o nā mea hana sima

1 Hoolauna
Ke hoʻolaha nei ʻo Kina i ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no nā makahiki he 20. ʻOi aku i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pili nā keʻena aupuni pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mortar mākaukau a hoʻopuka i nā kulekele paipai. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau panalāʻau a me nā kaona o ka ʻāina i hoʻohana i ka mortar mākaukau. ʻOi aku ma mua o 60%, aia ma mua o 800 mau ʻoihana mortar mākaukau ma luna o ka pālākiō maʻamau, me ka mana hoʻolālā makahiki o 274 miliona mau tona. I ka makahiki 2021, he 62.02 miliona tons ka hana makahiki o ka mortar maʻamau.

I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana, nalowale ka nui o ka wai a ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa a me ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hopena i ka lawa ʻole o ka ikaika a me ka haki ʻana o ka paʻi sima ma hope o ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi hui polymer maʻamau i loko o ka mortar maloʻo. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka mānoanoa, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o ka ea, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar.

I mea e hoʻokō ai ka mortar i nā koi o ka halihali a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka haki ʻana a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa, he mea nui ia e hoʻohui i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar. Hōʻike pōkole kēia ʻatikala i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka cellulose ether a me kona hopena i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana sima, me ka manaʻo e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia ʻenehana pili o ka mortar mākaukau.

2 Hoʻomaka i ka cellulose ether
Hana ʻia ʻo Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) mai ka cellulose ma o ka hopena etherification o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea etherification a me ka wili maloʻo.

2.1 Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā cellulose ethers
E like me ke ʻano kemika o nā mea pani ether, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ether cellulose i nā anionic, cationic a me nā eter nonionic. ʻO nā ethers cellulose Ionic ka nui o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); non-ionic cellulose ethers nui loa me methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl fiber Etera (HC) a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ethers non-ionic i nā eter hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā eter hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻaila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ethers non-ionic water-soluble i nā huahana mortar. I ke alo o ka calcium ions, ionic cellulose ethers he paʻa ʻole, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā huahana mortar maloʻo e hoʻohana ana i ka cement, slaked lime, etc. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā cellulose ethers non-ionic water-soluble i ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale ma muli o ko lākou paʻa paʻa ʻana a me ka hopena paʻa wai.
E like me nā mea etherification ʻokoʻa i koho ʻia i ke kaʻina etherification, nā huahana cellulose ether me methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl benzyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl benzyl cellulose. phenyl cellulose.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā cellulose ethers i loko o ka mortar methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) a me hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Ma waena o lākou, ʻo HPMC a me HEMC ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.

2.2 Nā waiwai kemika o cellulose ether
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia cellulose ether ke ʻano kumu o ka cellulose-anhydroglucose structure. I ke kaʻina hana o ka cellulose ether, ua hoʻomehana mua ʻia ka cellulose fiber i kahi hopena alkaline a laila mālama ʻia me kahi mea etherifying. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka huahana fibrous reaction a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i kahi pauka like ʻole me kahi ʻano maikaʻi.

I ka hana ʻana o MC, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent; ma waho aʻe o ka methyl chloride, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka propylene oxide no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hydroxypropyl substituents i ka hana ʻana o HPMC. He ʻokoʻa ka methyl a me ka hydroxypropyl eter o nā cellulose eter, e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike kūlohelohe a me ka mahana gel wela o ka solution cellulose ether.

2.3 Nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe o ka cellulose ether

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoheheʻe o cellulose ether he mana nui i ka hana o ka mortar sima. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cellulose ether e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka cohesiveness a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar sima, akā pili kēia i ka cellulose ether i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO nā kumu nui e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka cellulose ether ʻo ia ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka pauka.

2.4 ʻO ke kuleana o ka hāʻule ʻana i loko o ka pahu sima

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi o ka slurry sima, ʻo Destroy ka hopena i kēia mau ʻaoʻao.
(1) Hoʻonui i ka hana o ka mortar a hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka mortar.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka jet flame hiki ke pale i ka mortar mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a loaʻa i kahi kino ʻaʻahu like ʻole. No ka laʻana, kūpono nā hale lole i hoʻokomo i ka HEMC, HPMC, etc. , Ka nui o ka shear, ka wela, ka hāʻule ʻana a me ka paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
(2) Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena ea.
Ma muli o nā haumia, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā pūʻulu i loko o nā ʻāpana e hoʻemi i ka ikehu o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana, a maʻalahi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea paʻa paʻa, ʻaʻahu a maikaʻi i loko o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻili hoʻoulu i ka hana. ʻO ka "ball efficiency" e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana kūkulu ʻana o ka mortar, e hoʻemi i ka maʻemaʻe o ka mortar a hoʻemi i ka conductivity thermal o ka mortar. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wā o ka hui ʻana o HEMC a me HPMC he 0.5%, ʻo ka nui o ke kinoea o ka mortar ka nui loa, ma kahi o 55%; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui ʻana ma mua o 0.5%, e ulu mālie ka ʻike o ka mortar i loko o kahi ʻano kinoea i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui.
(3) E mālama i ka loli.

Hiki i ka wax ke hoʻoheheʻe, lubricate a hoʻoulu i ka mortar, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻāpana lahilahi o ka mortar a me ka pauka plastering. ʻAʻole pono e pulu ma mua. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana, hiki i nā mea cementitious ke loaʻa ka manawa lōʻihi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka wai ma kahakai e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pili ʻana ma waena o ka mortar a me ka substrate.

ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma luna o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima hou e pili ana i ka mānoanoa, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ke komo ʻana o ka ea a me ka lohi. Me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka cellulose ethers i loko o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima, ke lilo nei ka pilina ma waena o nā cellulose ethers a me ka slurry sima i wahi wela noiʻi.