ʻO nā ʻano mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar maloʻo, kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona hana, ka hana o ka hana, a me kā lākou hopena i ka hana o nā huahana mortar maloʻo. Ua kūkākūkā nui ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o nā mea hoʻopaʻa wai e like me cellulose ether a me starch ether, redispersible latex pauda a me nā mea fiber ma ka hana ʻana o ka mortar maloʻo.
He koʻikoʻi ko nā admixtures i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar maloʻo, akā ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mortar maloʻo i hoʻohui ʻia e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai o nā huahana mortar maloʻo i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mortar kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 40% o. ke kumu kūʻai i loko o ka hamo maloʻo. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻia kahi hapa nui o ka admixture e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, a hāʻawi pū ʻia hoʻi ka dosage kuhikuhi o ka huahana e ka mea hoʻolako. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻolaha i ka masonry maʻamau a me ka plastering mortars me ka nui a me nā wahi ākea; ʻO nā huahana mākeke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaluʻia e nā hui'ē aʻe, a he haʻahaʻa ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiwai a me ka hoʻomanawanui o ke kumukūʻai maloʻo; Loaʻa ka nele o ka noiʻi ʻōnaehana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua hahai makapō ʻia nā kumulāʻau haole.
Ma muli o nā kumu i luna aʻe nei, ke kālailai a hoʻohālikelike kēia pepa i kekahi mau waiwai kumu o nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau, a ma kēia kumu, e aʻo ana i ka hana o nā huahana mortar maloʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures.
1 mea mālama wai
ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai he mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea mortar maloʻo.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no kahi ʻano huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherifying agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Hoʻololi ʻia ka alkali cellulose e nā mea etherifying ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā ether cellulose ʻokoʻa. Ma muli o nā waiwai ionization o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cellulose ethers i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ionic (e like me carboxymethyl cellulose) a me ka non-ionic (e like me ka methyl cellulose). Wahi a ke ʻano o ka mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka monoether (e like me ka methyl cellulose) a me ka ether i hui pū ʻia (e like me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). E like me ka like ole solubility, hiki ke maheleia i ka wai-soluble (e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me ka organic solvent-soluble (e like me ka ethyl cellulose), etc. māhele ʻia i ke ʻano koke a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe lohi i mālama ʻia ma luna.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i ka mortar penei:
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a e loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai wela. Akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka gelation i ka wai wela ma mua o ka methyl cellulose. Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka solubility i ka wai anuanu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka methyl cellulose.
(2) ʻO ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona kaumaha mole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha mole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity. Hoʻopili ka mahana i kona viscosity, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, emi ka viscosity. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka methyl cellulose. Paʻa kona hopena ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela.
(3) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ka nui hoʻohui like ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a paʻa loa kona ʻano wai i ka pae o ka pH = 2 ~ 12. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka soda a me ka wai lime i kāna hana, akā hiki i ka alkali ke wikiwiki i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hoʻonui i kona viscosity. ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i nā paʻakai maʻamau, akā inā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai, piʻi ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution.
(5) Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me nā pūhui polymer hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a ʻoi aku ka viscosity solution. E like me ka waiʻona polyvinyl, starch ether, mea ʻai meaʻai, etc.
(6) He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka enzyme hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ma mua o ka methylcellulose, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā enzyme ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
(7) ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka alkali, hana ʻia ka cellulose ether ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena me ka methane chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agent. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.6 ~ 2.0, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka solubility me nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻololi. No ka non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela. Paʻa loa kona hopena wai i ka pae o pH=3~12. He kūpono maikaʻi me ka starch, guar gum, etc. a me nā surfactants he nui. Ke piʻi ka mahana i ka mahana gelation, puka ka gelation.
(2) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, particle fineness and dissolution rate. ʻO ka maʻamau, inā nui ka hoʻohui, liʻiliʻi ka fineness, a nui ka viscosity, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui i ka hopena nui loa i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a ʻaʻole kūlike ka pae o ka viscosity i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana cellulose a me ka fineness. Ma waena o nā cellulose ethers ma luna, ʻo ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa wai.
(3) Hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka methyl cellulose. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mortar ma mua o 40 ° C, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose, e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar.
(4) He hopena koʻikoʻi ka methyl cellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mortar. ʻO ka "adhesion" ma aneʻi e pili ana i ka ikaika pipili i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o ka mea hoʻopili a ka mea hana a me ke pani o ka pā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale ʻana o ka mortar. He kiʻekiʻe ka adhesiveness, he nui ka pale ʻana o ka mortar, a ʻo ka ikaika i koi ʻia e ka poʻe hana i ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana he nui nō hoʻi, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka mortar he ʻilihune. Aia ka methyl cellulose adhesion ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa i nā huahana cellulose ether.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Hana ʻia ia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe i mālama ʻia me ka alkali, a hana ʻia me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherification agent i mua o ka acetone. ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5-2.0. Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka wai.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka wai anuanu, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai wela. Paʻa kona hopena i ka wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka gelling. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela i ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(2) He kūpaʻa ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka waikawa maʻamau a me ka alkali. Hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻonui i kona viscosity. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona dispersibility i ka wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) He hana anti-sag maikaʻi ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose no ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻomaha no ka sima.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa ka hana o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko ma mua o ka methyl cellulose ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka wai a me ka nui o ka lehu.
Starka etera
Hoʻololi ʻia nā eter starch i hoʻohana ʻia i nā morta mai nā polymers maoli o kekahi polysaccharides. E like me ka ʻuala, ke kulina, ka ʻuala, ka pī guar a pēlā aku.
1. Mākaʻikaʻi hoʻololi ʻia
ʻO ka starch ether i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka ʻuala, ke kulina, ka cassava, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he haʻahaʻa loa ka paʻa wai ma mua o ka cellulose ether. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻokoʻa ke kūpaʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau huahana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mortar gypsum-based, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mortar sima. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka starch ether i ka mortar e like me ka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka waiwai anti-sagging o ka mortar, e hoʻemi i ka pili ʻana o ka mortar pulu, a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa wehe.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā starch ethers me ka cellulose, i mea e hoʻokō ai nā waiwai a me nā pono o kēia mau huahana ʻelua. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā huahana starch ether ma mua o ka cellulose ether, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka starch ether i loko o ka mortar e lawe mai i kahi hōʻemi nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mortar.
2. Guar gum etera
ʻO ka guar gum ether kahi ʻano starch ether me nā waiwai kūikawā, i hoʻololi ʻia mai nā pī guar maoli. ʻO ka mea nui ma ka hopena etherification o ka guar gum a me ka hui hana acrylic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano i loaʻa i ka pūʻulu hana 2-hydroxypropyl, he ʻano polygalactomannose.
(1) Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka guar gum ether i ka wai. ʻAʻole pili pono nā waiwai o ka pH guar ethers.
(2) Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka viscosity haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i ka guar gum ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose ether i ka nui like, a loaʻa ka paʻa wai like. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa, anti-sag, thixotropy a pēlā aku.
(3) Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka guar gum ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose ether, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea ʻelua e hana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
(4) ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka guar gum i ka gypsum-based mortar hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻino i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho a me ka ikaika o ka mortar gypsum.
3. Hoʻololi ʻia ka mānoanoa mālama wai mineral
ʻO ka mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai i hana ʻia i nā minela kūlohelohe ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana ua hoʻohana ʻia ma Kina. ʻO nā minela nui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, etc. Aia kēia mau minerala i kekahi mau waiwai mālama wai a mānoanoa ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana e like me nā mea hoʻohui. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mortar i kēia mau ʻano.
(1) Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar maʻamau, a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻana o ka mortar sima, ka ikaika haʻahaʻa o ka mortar hui ʻia, a me ke kū ʻole o ka wai.
(2) Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā huahana mortar me nā pae ikaika like ʻole no nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kīwila.
(3) He haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai waiwai ma mua o ka cellulose ether a me ka starch ether.
(4) ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma mua o ka mea mālama wai kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maloʻo maloʻo o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka cohesiveness.
ʻO ka pauka polimer hiki ke hoʻokuʻu hou
Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka rubber redispersible e ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka emulsion polymer kūikawā. I ke kaʻina hana, colloid pale, anti-caking agent, etc. lilo indispensable additives. ʻO ka pauka lāʻau maloʻo kekahi mau ʻāpana spherical o 80 ~ 100mm i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i ka wai a hana i kahi dispersion paʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻāpana emulsion mua. E hana ana kēia dispersion i kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma hope o ka maloʻo a me ka maloʻo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni emulsion maʻamau, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopuehu hou i ka wā e hui ai me ka wai. Hoʻopuehu.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pauka lāʻau redispersible i: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, etc., a ma muli o kēia, silicone, vinyl laurate, etc. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole e loaʻa i ka pauka rubber redispersible nā waiwai like ʻole e like me ke kūpaʻa wai, ke kūpaʻa alkali, ke kū ʻana o ka wā a me ka maʻalahi. Loaʻa i ka vinyl laurate a me ka silicone, hiki ke hana i ka pauka lāʻau i ka hydrophobicity maikaʻi. ʻO ka vinyl tertiary carbonate kiʻekiʻe me ka waiwai Tg haʻahaʻa a me ka loli maikaʻi.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻano pauka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mortar, loaʻa iā lākou ka hopena lohi i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho o ka sima, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena lohi ma mua o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana o nā emulsions like. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka styrene-butadiene ka hopena hoʻopaneʻe nui loa, a ʻo ka ethylene-vinyl acetate ka hopena liʻiliʻi loa. Inā liʻiliʻi loa ka dosage, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka mortar.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-03-2023