He koʻikoʻi ko nā admixtures i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar maloʻo, akā ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai o nā huahana mortar maloʻo i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mortar kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 40% o. ke kumu kūʻai i loko o ka hamo maloʻo. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻia kahi hapa nui o ka admixture e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, a hāʻawi pū ʻia hoʻi ka dosage kuhikuhi o ka huahana e ka mea hoʻolako. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻolaha i ka masonry maʻamau a me ka plastering mortars me ka nui a me nā wahi ākea; ʻO nā huahana mākeke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaluʻia e nā hui'ē aʻe, a he haʻahaʻa ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiwai a me ka hoʻomanawanui o ke kumukūʻai maloʻo; Loaʻa ka nele o ka noiʻi ʻōnaehana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua hahai makapō ʻia nā kumulāʻau haole.
Ma muli o nā kumu i luna aʻe nei, ke kālailai a hoʻohālikelike kēia pepa i kekahi mau waiwai kumu o nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau, a ma kēia kumu, e aʻo ana i ka hana o nā huahana mortar maloʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures.
1. Mea mālama wai
ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai he mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea mortar maloʻo.
1.1 Cellulose ether
ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherifying agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Alkali cellulose e nā mea etherifying ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā ether cellulose ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o nā waiwai ionization o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cellulose ethers i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ionic (e like me carboxymethyl cellulose) a me ka non-ionic (e like me ka methyl cellulose). Wahi a ke ʻano o ka mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka monoether (e like me ka methyl cellulose) a me ka ether i hui pū ʻia (e like me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). E like me ka like ole solubility, hiki ke maheleia i ka wai-soluble (e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me ka organic solvent-soluble (e like me ka ethyl cellulose), etc. māhele ʻia i ke ʻano koke a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe lohi i mālama ʻia ma luna.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i ka mortar penei:
(1) Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar i ka wai, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka like ʻole o nā mea cementitious i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka hana o ka ʻili, a ʻo ka cellulose ether, ma ke ʻano he colloid pale, "wraps" i ka paʻa. particles a Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa lubricating kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma luna o kona ʻaoʻao i waho, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai i ka ʻōnaehana mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka wai o ka mortar i ka wā o ka hui ʻana. a me ka maalahi o ke kukulu ana.
(2) Ma muli o kona ʻano mole mole, ʻo ka cellulose ether solution ka wai i loko o ka mortar ʻaʻole maʻalahi e nalowale, a hoʻokuʻu mālie iā ia i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hāʻawi ana i ka mortar me ka paʻa wai maikaʻi a me ka hana.
1.1.1 Huina molekula o ka methyl cellulose (MC) [C6H7O2(OH)3-h(OCH3)n]x
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka alkali, hana ʻia ka cellulose ether ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena me ka methane chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agent. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.6 ~ 2.0, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka solubility me nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻololi. No ka non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela. Paʻa loa kona hopena wai i ka pae o pH=3~12. He kūpono maikaʻi me ka starch, guar gum, etc. a me nā surfactants he nui. Ke piʻi ka mahana i ka mahana gelation, puka ka gelation.
(2) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, particle fineness and dissolution rate. ʻO ka maʻamau, inā nui ka hoʻohui, liʻiliʻi ka fineness, a nui ka viscosity, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui i ka hopena nui loa i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a ʻaʻole kūlike ka pae o ka viscosity i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana cellulose a me ka fineness. Ma waena o nā cellulose ethers i luna, ʻo ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ka nui o ka paʻa wai.
(3) Hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka methyl cellulose. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mortar ma mua o 40 ° C, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose, e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar.
(4) He hopena koʻikoʻi ka methyl cellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mortar. ʻO ka "adhesion" ma aneʻi e pili ana i ka ikaika pipili i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o ka mea hoʻopili a ka mea hana a me ke pani o ka pā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale ʻana o ka mortar. He kiʻekiʻe ka adhesiveness, he nui ka pale ʻana o ka mortar, a ʻo ka ikaika i koi ʻia e ka poʻe hana i ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana he nui nō hoʻi, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka mortar he ʻilihune. Aia ka methyl cellulose adhesion ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa i nā huahana cellulose ether.
1.1.2 ʻO ke kumu molekala o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) he [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m,OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x
ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi ʻano cellulose nona ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala. He cellulose non-ionic i hui ʻia eter i hana ʻia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka alkalization, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propylene oxide a me ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agent, ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena. ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.2-2.0. He ʻokoʻa kona mau waiwai ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a e loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai wela. Akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka gelation i ka wai wela ma mua o ka methyl cellulose. Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka solubility i ka wai anuanu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka methyl cellulose.
(2) ʻO ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona kaumaha mole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha mole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity. Hoʻopili ka mahana i kona viscosity, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, emi ka viscosity. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka methyl cellulose. Paʻa kona hopena ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela.
(3) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ka nui hoʻohui like ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a paʻa loa kona ʻano wai i ka pae o ka pH = 2 ~ 12. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka soda a me ka wai lime i kāna hana, akā hiki i ka alkali ke wikiwiki i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hoʻonui i kona viscosity. ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i nā paʻakai maʻamau, akā inā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai, piʻi ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution.
(5) Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me nā pūhui polymer hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a ʻoi aku ka viscosity solution. E like me ka waiʻona polyvinyl, starch ether, mea ʻai meaʻai, etc.
(6) He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka enzyme hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ma mua o ka methylcellulose, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā enzyme ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
(7) ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
1.1.3 Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Hana ʻia ia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe i mālama ʻia me ka alkali, a hana ʻia me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherification agent i mua o ka acetone. ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5-2.0. Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka wai.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka wai anuanu, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai wela. Paʻa kona hopena i ka wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka gelling. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela i ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(2) He kūpaʻa ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka waikawa maʻamau a me ka alkali. Hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻonui i kona viscosity. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona dispersibility i ka wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) He hana anti-sag maikaʻi ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose no ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻomaha no ka sima.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa ka hana o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko ma mua o ka methyl cellulose ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka wai a me ka nui o ka lehu.
1.1.4 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [C6H7O2(OH)2och2COONa]n
Hana ʻia ʻo Ionic cellulose ether mai nā fiber maoli (ka pulupulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium monochloroacetate ma ke ʻano he etherification agent, a ke hana nei i kahi ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.4 ~ 1.4, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ka pae o ka hoʻololi.
(1) ʻOi aku ka hygroscopic o Carboxymethyl cellulose, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ke mālama ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka gel, a e emi ana ka viscosity me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. Ke piʻi ka mahana ma mua o 50 ° C, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka viscosity.
(3) Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kona kūpaʻa e ka pH. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka mortar gypsum-based, akā ʻaʻole i ka mortar sima. Ke alkaline nui, nalowale ka viscosity.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose. He hopena hoʻopaneʻe ia i ka mortar gypsum-based a hoʻemi i kona ikaika. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-30-2023