Hoʻolauna i ka pulupulu a me ka cellulose
ʻO ka pulupulu, kahi pulupulu maoli i loaʻa mai ka mea kanu pulupulu, ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka cellulose. ʻO ka cellulose, kahi carbohydrate paʻakikī, ʻo ia ka mea nui o nā paia cell i nā mea kanu, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo kūkulu. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā fiber cellulose mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu pulupulu, e like me ka lignin, hemicellulose, a me ka pectin.
Anatomy Mea kanu pulupulu
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke anatomy o ka mea kanu pulupulu no ka lawe ʻana i ka cellulose. ʻO nā pulupulu pulupulu he trichome hua, e ulu ana mai loko mai o nā epidermal cell o ka pulupulu. ʻO kēia mau fiber ka nui o ka cellulose, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā protein, waxes, a me nā kō. Ulu ka pulupulu i loko o nā ʻōpuʻu, ʻo ia nā capsules pale e hoʻopaʻa i nā hua.
Kaʻina Hoʻoheheʻe Cellulose
ʻOhi: Hoʻomaka ka hana me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā pua pulupulu makua mai nā mea kanu pulupulu. ʻO ka ʻohi mīkini ka hana maʻamau, kahi e wehe ai nā mīkini i nā pua mai nā mea kanu.
Ginning: Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hele ka pulupulu i ka ginning, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā hua mai nā ʻili. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hele ʻana i ka pulupulu ma nā mīkini gin e wehe i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā ʻili.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻanoʻano, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā pulupulu pulupulu e wehe i nā haumia e like me ka lepo, nā lau, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Mālama kēia ʻanuʻu i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia.
Kāleka: ʻO ka carding kahi hana mīkini e hoʻopili ai i nā pulupulu i loko o kahi pūnaewele lahilahi. Wehe ia i nā mea haumia i koe a hoʻoponopono i nā fibers i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hana hou ʻana.
Degumming: Loaʻa i nā pulupulu nā mea haumia kūlohelohe e like me nā waxes, pectins, a me hemicelluloses, i kapa ʻia ʻo "gum." Hoʻopili ka Degumming i ka mālama ʻana i nā pulupulu me nā hopena alkaline a i ʻole nā enzymes e wehe i kēia mau haumia.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: He hana koho ka bleaching akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou i nā fiber cellulose a hoʻonui i ko lākou keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole e like me ka hydrogen peroxide a i ʻole ka chlorine derivatives i kēia kaʻina hana.
Mercerization: ʻO ka Mercerization e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā fiber cellulose me kahi solution alkali caustic, maʻamau ka sodium hydroxide. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻonui i ka ikaika, luster, a me ka pili o nā fibers no nā kala, e kūpono iā lākou no nā noi like ʻole.
Acid Hydrolysis: I kekahi mau hihia, no nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waihā wai e wāwahi hou i ka cellulose i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka like. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka cellulose me ka waikawa dilute ma lalo o nā kūlana i mālama ʻia e hydrolyze i nā paʻa glycosidic, e hāʻawi ana i nā kaulahao cellulose pōkole a i ʻole cellulose nanocrystals.
Holoi a hoʻomaloʻo: Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kemika, holoi ʻia nā fiber cellulose e wehe i nā koena kemika a i ʻole nā mea haumia. A laila, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā fibers i ka maʻamau i makemake ʻia.
Nā noi o ka Cellulose Maʻemaʻe
Loaʻa ka cellulose maʻemaʻe mai ka pulupulu i nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole:
Textiles: Ua wili ʻia nā ʻili cellulose i nā wili a ulana ʻia i lole no ka lole, nā lole home, a me nā noi ʻoihana.
Pepa a me ka pepa: ʻO ka Cellulose kahi mea nui o ka pepa, pepa pepa, a me nā huahana pepa.
Biofuels: Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose i biofuels e like me ka ethanol ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hydrolysis enzymatic a me ka fermentation.
ʻO nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives Cellulose e like me nā mānoanoa, stabilizers, a me nā emulsifiers i nā meaʻai a me nā huahana lāʻau.
Mea hoʻonani: Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives cellulose i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā huahana mālama pilikino no ko lākou mānoanoa a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā waiwai.
ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana mechanical a me kemika e hoʻokaʻawale i nā fiber cellulose mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu pulupulu a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke anatomy o ka mea kanu pulupulu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana kūpono e like me ka ginning, degumming, bleaching, a me ka mercerization he mea nui ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cellulose kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka cellulose maʻemaʻe i loaʻa mai ka pulupulu he mau noi like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻoihana, mai ka textiles a me ka hana pepa i nā biofuels a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e lilo ia i kumu waiwai kūlohelohe a waiwai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-25-2024