Cellulose etera
ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherifying agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.Hoʻololi ʻia ka alkali cellulose e nā mea etherifying ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā ether cellulose ʻokoʻa.Ma muli o nā waiwai ionization o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cellulose ethers i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ionic (e like me carboxymethyl cellulose) a me ka non-ionic (e like me ka methyl cellulose).Wahi a ke ʻano o ka mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka monoether (e like me ka methyl cellulose) a me ka ether i hui pū ʻia (e like me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).E like me ka like ole solubility, hiki ke maheleia i ka wai-soluble (e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me ka organic solvent-soluble (e like me ka ethyl cellulose), etc. māhele ʻia i ke ʻano koke a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe lohi i mālama ʻia ma luna.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i ka mortar penei:
(1) Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar i ka wai, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka like ʻole o nā mea cementitious i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka hana o ka ʻili, a ʻo ka cellulose ether, ma ke ʻano he colloid pale, "wraps" i ka paʻa. particles a Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa o ka lubricating film ma kona ʻaoʻao i waho, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai i ka ʻōnaehana mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka wai o ka mortar i ka wā o ka hui ʻana a me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana.
(2) Ma muli o kona ʻano mole mole, ʻo ka cellulose ether solution ka wai i loko o ka mortar ʻaʻole maʻalahi e nalowale, a hoʻokuʻu mālie iā ia i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hāʻawi ana i ka mortar me ka paʻa wai maikaʻi a me ka hana.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka alkali, hana ʻia ka cellulose ether ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena me ka methane chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agent.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.6 ~ 2.0, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka solubility me nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻololi.No ka non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela.Paʻa loa kona hopena wai i ka pae o pH=3~12.He kūpono maikaʻi me ka starch, guar gum, etc. a me nā surfactants he nui.Ke piʻi ka mahana i ka mahana gelation, puka ka gelation.
(2) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, particle fineness and dissolution rate.ʻO ka maʻamau, inā nui ka hoʻohui, liʻiliʻi ka fineness, a nui ka viscosity, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui i ka hopena nui loa i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a ʻaʻole kūlike ka pae o ka viscosity i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana cellulose a me ka fineness.Ma waena o nā ether cellulose i luna, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa wai o ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka methyl cellulose.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai.Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mortar ma mua o 40 ° C, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose, e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar.
(4) He hopena koʻikoʻi ka methyl cellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mortar.ʻO ka "adhesion" ma aneʻi e pili ana i ka ikaika pipili i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o ka mea hoʻopili a ka mea hana a me ke pani o ka pā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale ʻana o ka mortar.He kiʻekiʻe ka adhesiveness, he nui ka pale ʻana o ka mortar, a ʻo ka ikaika i koi ʻia e ka poʻe hana i ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana he nui nō hoʻi, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka mortar he ʻilihune.Aia ka methyl cellulose adhesion ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa i nā huahana cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi ʻano cellulose nona ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala.He cellulose non-ionic i hui ʻia eter i hana ʻia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka alkalization, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propylene oxide a me ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agent, ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena.ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.2-2.0.He ʻokoʻa kona mau waiwai ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content.
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, a e loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai wela.Akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka gelation i ka wai wela ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka solubility i ka wai anuanu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka methyl cellulose.
(2) ʻO ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona kaumaha mole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha mole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity.Hoʻopili ka mahana i kona viscosity, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, emi ka viscosity.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.Paʻa kona hopena ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela.
(3) ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ka nui hoʻohui like ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a paʻa loa kona ʻano wai i ka pae o ka pH = 2 ~ 12.He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka soda a me ka wai lime i kāna hana, akā hiki i ka alkali ke wikiwiki i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hoʻonui i kona viscosity.ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i nā paʻakai maʻamau, akā inā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai, piʻi ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution.
(5) Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me nā pūhui polymer hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a ʻoi aku ka viscosity solution.E like me ka waiʻona polyvinyl, starch ether, mea ʻai meaʻai, etc.
(6) He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka enzyme hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ma mua o ka methylcellulose, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā enzyme ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
(7) ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Hana ʻia ia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe i mālama ʻia me ka alkali, a hana ʻia me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherification agent i mua o ka acetone.ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5-2.0.Loaʻa i ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka makū
(1) Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka wai anuanu, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai wela.Paʻa kona hopena i ka wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka gelling.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela i ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
(2) He kūpaʻa ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka waikawa maʻamau a me ka alkali.Hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻonui i kona viscosity.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona dispersibility i ka wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) He hana anti-sag maikaʻi ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose no ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻomaha no ka sima.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa ka hana o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko ma mua o ka methyl cellulose ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka wai a me ka nui o ka lehu.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Hana ʻia ʻo Ionic cellulose ether mai nā fiber maoli (ka pulupulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium monochloroacetate ma ke ʻano he etherification agent, a ke hana nei i kahi ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.4 ~ 1.4, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ka pae o ka hoʻololi.
(1) ʻOi aku ka hygroscopic o Carboxymethyl cellulose, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ke mālama ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka gel, a e emi ana ka viscosity me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.Ke piʻi ka mahana ma mua o 50 ° C, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka viscosity.
(3) Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kona kūpaʻa e ka pH.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka gypsum-based mortar, akā ʻaʻole i ka mortar sima.Ke alkaline nui, nalowale ka viscosity.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.He hopena hoʻopaneʻe ia i ka mortar gypsum-based a hoʻemi i kona ikaika.Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
ʻO ka pauka polimer hiki ke hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia
Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka rubber redispersible e ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka emulsion polymer kūikawā.I ke kaʻina hana, colloid pale, anti-caking agent, etc. lilo indispensable additives.ʻO ka pauka lāʻau maloʻo kekahi mau ʻāpana spherical o 80 ~ 100mm i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i ka wai a lilo i mea hoʻopuehu paʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻāpana emulsion mua.E hana ana kēia dispersion i kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma hope o ka maloʻo a me ka maloʻo.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni emulsion maʻamau, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopuʻi hou i ka wā e hui ai me ka wai.Hoʻopuehu.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pauka lāʻau redispersible i: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, etc., a ma muli o kēia, silicone, vinyl laurate, etc.ʻO nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole e loaʻa i ka pauka rubber redispersible nā waiwai like ʻole e like me ke kūpaʻa wai, ke kūpaʻa alkali, ke kū ʻana o ka wā a me ka maʻalahi.Loaʻa i ka vinyl laurate a me ka silicone, hiki ke hana i ka pauka lāʻau i ka hydrophobicity maikaʻi.ʻO ka vinyl tertiary carbonate kiʻekiʻe me ka waiwai Tg haʻahaʻa a me ka loli maikaʻi.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻano pauka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mortar, loaʻa iā lākou ka hopena lohi i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho o ka sima, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena lohi ma mua o ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana i nā emulsions like.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka styrene-butadiene ka hopena hoʻopaneʻe nui loa, a ʻo ka ethylene-vinyl acetate ka hopena liʻiliʻi loa.Inā liʻiliʻi loa ka dosage, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka mortar.
Nā pulu polypropylene
Hana ʻia ka polypropylene fiber me ka polypropylene ma ke ʻano he kumu a me ka nui o ka hoʻololi.ʻO ke anawaena o ka fiber ma kahi o 40 microns, ʻo ka ikaika tensile he 300 ~ 400mpa, ʻo ka modulus elastic he ≥3500mpa, a ʻo ka elongation hope loa he 15 ~ 18%.ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona hana:
(1) Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia nā fibers polypropylene i ʻekolu-dimensional random directions i loko o ka mortar, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoikaika pūnaewele.Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka 1 kg o ka fiber polypropylene i kēlā me kēia ton o ka mortar, hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o 30 miliona mau monofilament fibers.
(2) ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka fiber polypropylene i ka mortar hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono i nā māwae shrinkage o ka mortar i loko o ke kūlana plastik.ʻIke ʻia kēia mau māwae a ʻaʻole paha.A hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi nui i ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mortar hou.
(3) No ke kino paʻakikī, hiki i ka polypropylene fiber ke hoʻemi nui i ka helu o nā māwae deformation.ʻO ia hoʻi, i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai ke kino paʻakikī paʻakai ma muli o ka deformation, hiki iā ia ke pale a hoʻouna i ke kaumaha.I ka wā e haki ai ke kino paʻakikī, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ma ka piko o ka māwae a hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻana.
(4) ʻO ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻana o nā fibers polypropylene i ka hana ʻana i ka mortar e lilo i pilikia paʻakikī.ʻO ka hui ʻana i nā mea hana, ke ʻano o ka fiber a me ka dosage, ka ratio mortar a me kāna mau kaʻina hana e lilo i mea nui e pili ana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana.
ea entraining agent
He ʻano surfactant hiki ke hana i nā ʻōhū ea paʻa i loko o ke kaila hou a i ʻole ka mortar ma ke ʻano kino.Nui nā: rosin a me kona thermal polymers, non-ionic surfactants, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acids a me kā lākou mau paʻakai, etc.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ea no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mortar plastering a me nā morta masonry.Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea, e lawe ʻia kekahi mau hoʻololi i ka hana mortar.
(1) Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōpū o ka ea, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻalahi a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ka mortar hou, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke koko.
(2) ʻO ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e hōʻemi i ka ikaika a me ka elasticity o ka mold i ka mortar.Inā hoʻohana pū ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea a me ka mea hoʻemi wai, a kūpono ka ratio, ʻaʻole e emi ka waiwai o ka ikaika.
(3) Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale hau o ka mīkini paʻakikī, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka impermeability o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka mortar paʻakikī.
(4) E hoʻonui ka mea hoʻokomo i ka ea i ka ea o ka mortar, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka emiʻana o ka pahu, a hiki ke hoʻemi ponoʻia ka waiwai hoʻohaʻahaʻa ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai.
Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nui o ka mea hoʻokomo ea i hoʻohui ʻia, ma ke ʻano maʻamau he mau ʻumi kaukani wale nō o ka nui o nā mea sima, pono e hōʻoia ʻia ua ana pono ʻia a hui pū ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka pahū;ʻO nā mea e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka manawa hoʻoulu e hoʻopilikia nui i ka nui o ka ea.No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana hana hale a me nā kūlana kūkulu hale i kēia manawa, pono ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i ka ea i ka mortar i ka hana hoʻokolohua.
mea hana ikaika mua
Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika mua o ka ʻuala a me ka mortar, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea ikaika mua o ka sulfate, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, alumini sulfate a me ka potassium alumini sulfate.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium sulfate anhydrous, a he haʻahaʻa kona ʻano a he maikaʻi ka hopena o ka ikaika mua, akā inā nui ka nui o ka dosage, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka haki ʻana i ka pae hope, a i ka manawa like, hoʻi ka alkali. e hiki mai ana, e pili ana i ka hiʻona a me ka hopena o ka papa hoʻonani o luna.
ʻO ka calcium formate kekahi mea antifreeze maikaʻi.Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena ikaika mua, liʻiliʻi nā hopena ʻaoʻao, kūpono maikaʻi me nā admixtures ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai ma mua o ka sulfate ikaika mua, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai.
mea hoʻopaʻa hau
Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar i ka wela maikaʻi ʻole, inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā ana antifreeze, e hōʻino ʻia ka hau a e luku ʻia ka ikaika o ke kino paʻakikī.Kāohi ʻo Antifreeze i ka pōʻino maloʻo mai nā ala ʻelua e pale ai i ka maloʻo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mua o ka pahū.
Ma waena o nā lāʻau antifreeze maʻamau, ʻo ka calcium nitrite a me ka sodium nitrite ka hopena antifreeze maikaʻi loa.No ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka calcium nitrite nā ion potassium a me ka sodium, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aggregate alkali ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mortar, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka sodium nitrite.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Antifreeze i ka hui pū ʻana me ka mea ikaika mua a me ka mea hoʻemi wai e loaʻa ai nā hopena maikaʻi.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia me ka antifreeze i ka wela haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana o ka hui ʻana, e like me ka hui ʻana me ka wai mahana.
Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka antifreeze, e hōʻemi ia i ka ikaika o ka mortar i ka pae hope, a ʻo ka ʻili o ka mortar paʻakikī e loaʻa i nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻihoʻi alkali, e hoʻopilikia i ka helehelena a me ka hopena o ka papa hoʻonaninani. .
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-16-2023