1. ʻO ka pono o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai
ʻO nā ʻano kumu a pau e koi ana i ka mortar no ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana he ʻano o ka hoʻomoʻa wai.Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ka waihona kumu i ka wai i loko o ka mortar, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka mortar, a ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻomāmā piha ʻia nā mea cementitious i loko o ka mortar, e hopena i ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pilina ma waena o ka paʻa paʻa. a me ka papa kumu , e pohā ai ka pahū a hāʻule.Inā kūpono ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar, akā paʻakikī hoʻi i ka wai i loko o ka mortar e hoʻopili ʻia e ka papa kumu a hōʻoia i ka lawa o ka hydration o ka sima.
2. Nā pilikia me nā ʻano hana mālama wai maʻamau
ʻO ka hoʻonā maʻamau ka wai i ke kumu, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ke kumu.ʻO ka pahuhopu hydration maikaʻi loa o ka mortar sima ma ke kumu, ʻo ka huahana hydration cement e hoʻopili i ka wai me ke kumu, komo i loko o ke kumu, a hana i kahi "pili kī" kūpono me ke kumu, i hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika pili pono.ʻO ka hoʻoinu pololei ʻana ma ka ʻili o ke kumu e hoʻopuehu nui ʻia i ka absorption wai o ke kumu ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ka mahana, ka manawa wai, a me ka like ʻana o ka wai.He emi ka wai o ke kumu a e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka mortar.Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hydration cement, hoʻopili ʻia ka wai, e pili ana i ka hydration cement a me ke komo ʻana o nā huahana hydration i loko o ka matrix;He nui ka wai o ke kumu, a kahe ka wai o ka pahū i ke kumu.Ua lohi ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa wai wai ma waena o ka mortar a me ka matrix, e pili pū ana i ka ikaika pili.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano wai kumu maʻamau ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau pono i ka pilikia o ka wai kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption o ka pā o ka pā, akā e hoʻopilikia i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ma waena o ka mortar a me ke kumu, ka hopena o ka hollowing a me ka haki.
3. ʻO nā koi o nā morta like ʻole no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai
ʻO nā pahuhopu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai no ka hoʻopalapala ʻana i nā huahana mortar i hoʻohana ʻia ma kekahi wahi a ma nā wahi me nā ʻano mahana like ʻole a me nā kūlana haʻahaʻa.
①Kiʻekiʻe wai absorption substrate plastering mortar
ʻO nā substrate hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻea-intrained concrete, me nā ʻano papa ʻāpana māmā like ʻole, nā poloka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai nui a me ka lōʻihi.ʻO ka mortar plastering i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia ʻano papa kumu e loaʻa ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma lalo o 88%.
②Māmi wai haʻahaʻa substrate plastering mortar
ʻO nā substrate hoʻoheheʻe wai haʻahaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e ke kaila i hoʻolei ʻia, me nā papa polystyrene no ka pale ʻana i ka paia o waho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka mortar plastering i hoʻohana ʻia no ia mau substrates e loaʻa ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma lalo o 88%.
③ ʻOi aku ka paʻa ʻana o ka lepo
ʻO ka pāpaʻi lahilahi e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka plastering me ka mānoanoa o ka papa plastering ma waena o 3 a me 8 mm.He mea maʻalahi kēia ʻano hana plastering e nalowale i ka makū ma muli o ke ʻano o ka plastering layer, e pili ana i ka hana a me ka ikaika.No ka mortar i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia ʻano plastering, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka nui o ka paʻa wai ma lalo o 99%.
④Papa mānoanoa o ka hamo
ʻO ka pāpaʻi papa mānoanoa e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kāpili ʻana ma kahi o 8mm a me 20mm ka mānoanoa o hoʻokahi papa hamo.ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka nalowale wai o kēia ʻano hana plastering ma muli o ka papa lepo manoanoa, no laila ʻaʻole pono e emi ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o 88%.
⑤Wai-kūpaʻa putty
Hoʻohana ʻia ka putty pale wai ma ke ʻano he mea plastering ultra-thin, a ʻo ka mānoanoa hana maʻamau ma waena o 1 a me 2mm.Pono ia mau mea waiwai e mālama i ka wai kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ko lākou hana a me ka ikaika paʻa.No nā mea putty, ʻaʻole e emi iho ka nui o ka paʻa wai ma mua o 99%, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa wai o ka putty no nā paia o waho ma mua o ka putty no nā paia o loko.
4. Nā ʻano mea mālama wai
Cellulose etera
1) Methyl cellulose ether (MC)
2) Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Etera (HPMC)
3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
4) Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC)
5) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HEMC)
Starka etera
1) Hoʻololi ʻia ka starch ether
2) Guar etera
Hoʻololi ʻia ka mānoanoa mālama wai mineral (montmorillonite, bentonite, etc.)
ʻElima, e pili ana kēia i ka hana o nā mea like ʻole
1. Cellulose etera
1.1 Ka nānā 'ana o ka Cellulose Etera
ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ke ʻano o nā huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherification agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.Loaʻa nā ʻano cellulose ethers no ka mea ua hoʻololi ʻia ka fiber alkali e nā mea etherification like ʻole.E like me ka ionization waiwai o kona substituents, cellulose ethers hiki ke maheleia i elua waeʻano: ionic, e like me carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a me ka nonionic, e like me methyl cellulose (MC).
Wahi a nā ʻano o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cellulose ethers i nā monoethers, e like me ka methyl cellulose ether (MC), a me nā ethers i hui pū ʻia, e like me ka hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether (HECMC).E like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻokoʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: wai-soluble a me organik solvent-soluble.
1.2 ʻO nā ʻano cellulose nui
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), ka pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 0.4-1.4;mea etherification, monooxyacetic acid;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), degere kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 0.7-1.0;mea etherification, monooxyacetic acid, ethylene oxide;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Methylcellulose (MC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 1.5-2.4;mea etherification, methyl chloride;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 1.3-3.0;etherification agent, ethylene oxide;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 1.5-2.0;mea etherification, ethylene oxide, methyl chloride;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 2.5-3.5;etherification agent, propylene oxide;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ka pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 1.5-2.0;mea etherification, propylene oxide, methyl chloride;hoʻoheheʻe wai, wai;
Ethyl cellulose (EC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 2.3-2.6;mea etherification, monochloroethane;ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka solvent organik;
Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), pae kūpono o ka hoʻololi: 2.4-2.8;mea etherification, monochloroethane, ethylene oxide;ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka solvent organik;
1.3 Nā waiwai o ka cellulose
1.3.1 Methyl cellulose ether (MC)
①Methylcellulose hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu, a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela.Paʻa loa kona hāʻina wai ma ka laulā o PH=3-12.He kūpono maikaʻi me ka starch, guar gum, etc. a me nā surfactants he nui.Ke piʻi ka mahana i ka mahana gelation, puka ka gelation.
② ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methylcellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, particle fineness and dissolution rate.ʻO ka maʻamau, inā nui ka hoʻohui, liʻiliʻi ka fineness, a nui ka viscosity, kiʻekiʻe ka paʻa wai.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui i ka hopena nui loa i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole kūpono i ka pae o ka paʻa wai.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana cellulose a me ka fineness.Ma waena o nā cellulose ethers, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa wai o ka methyl cellulose.
③E hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi o ka mahana i ka pae paʻa wai o ka methyl cellulose.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai.Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mortar ma mua o 40 ° C, e ʻilihune loa ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose, kahi e hoʻopilikia nui ai i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka mortar.
④ He hopena koʻikoʻi ka methyl cellulose i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mortar.ʻO ka "adhesion" ma aneʻi e pili ana i ka ikaika pipili i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o ka mea hoʻopili a ka mea hana a me ke pani o ka pā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale ʻana o ka mortar.He kiʻekiʻe ka adhesiveness, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa shearing o ka mortar, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā limahana i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a lilo ka hana hana o ka mortar i mea ʻilihune.Aia ka methyl cellulose adhesion ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa i nā huahana cellulose ether.
1.3.2 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Etera (HPMC)
ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi huahana fiber nona ka ulu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻonui wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala.
He cellulose non-ionic i hui ʻia eter i hana ʻia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka alkalization, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propylene oxide a me ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherification agents, a ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5-2.0.ʻOkoʻa kona mau waiwai ma muli o nā ratio like ʻole o ka methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe methoxyl content a me ka haʻahaʻa hydroxypropyl content, kokoke ka hana i ka methyl cellulose;haʻahaʻa methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content kiʻekiʻe, kokoke ka hana i ka hydroxypropyl cellulose.
①Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu, a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai wela.Akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka gelation i ka wai wela ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka solubility i ka wai anuanu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka methyl cellulose.
② ʻO ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona kaumaha mole, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha mole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity.Hoʻopili ka mahana i kona viscosity, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, emi ka viscosity.Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona viscosity e ka mahana ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.Paʻa kona hopena ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela.
③ ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pili ana i kona nui hoʻohui, viscosity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ka nui hoʻohui like ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
④Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a paʻa loa kona ʻano wai i ka pae o PH=2-12.He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka soda a me ka wai lime i kāna hana, akā hiki i ka alkali ke wikiwiki i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hoʻonui iki i kona viscosity.ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose paʻa i nā paʻakai maʻamau, akā inā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai, piʻi ka viscosity o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution.
⑤Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā polymers hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a me ka ʻike me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe.E like me ka waiʻona polyvinyl, starch ether, mea ʻai meaʻai, etc.
⑥ ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka enzyme hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ma mua o ka methylcellulose, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona hopena e nā enzymes ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
⑦ ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ka hana mortar ma mua o ka methylcellulose.
1.3.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
Hana ʻia ia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe i mālama ʻia me ka alkali, a hana ʻia me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherification agent i mua o ka acetone.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5-2.0.Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka wai.
①Hydroxyethyl cellulose hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai anuanu, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai wela.Paʻa kona hopena i ka wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka gelling.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela i ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
②Hydroxyethyl cellulose paʻa i ka waikawa maʻamau a me ka alkali.Hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻonui i kona viscosity.ʻOi aku ka ʻino o kona hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
③Hydroxyethyl cellulose he hana anti-sag maikaʻi no ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻomaha no ka sima.
④ ʻO ka hana o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka methyl cellulose ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka wai a me ka nui o ka lehu.
1.3.4 Hana ʻia ʻo Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) me nā fiber maoli (ka pulupulu, hemp, etc.) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium monochloroacetate ma ke ʻano he etherification agent, a ke hana nei i kahi ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i ka ionic cellulose ether.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.4-1.4 maʻamau, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana.
①Carboxymethyl cellulose he hygroscopic nui, a he nui ka wai i loko o ka mālama ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.
②Hydroxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution ʻaʻole e hana i ka gel, a e emi ka viscosity me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 50 ℃, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka viscosity.
③ Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kona kūpaʻa e ka pH.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka mortar gypsum-based, akā ʻaʻole i ka mortar sima.Ke alkaline nui, nalowale ka viscosity.
④ ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa wai ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.He hopena hoʻopaneʻe ia i ka mortar gypsum-based a hoʻemi i kona ikaika.Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ma mua o ka methyl cellulose.
2. Hoʻololi ʻia ka starch ether
Hoʻololi ʻia nā eter starch i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā morta mai nā polymers maoli o kekahi polysaccharides.Hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka ʻuala, ke kulina, ka cassava, ka pi guar, etc.ʻO nā eter starch i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka mortar he hydroxypropyl starch ether, hydroxymethyl starch ether, etc.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mālama ʻana o ka wai ma mua o ka cellulose ethers i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka ʻuala, kulina, a me ka cassava.Ma muli o kona kūlana like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hōʻike ia i ke kūpaʻa ʻokoʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali.ʻO kekahi mau huahana kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mortar gypsum-based, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā morta sima.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka starch ether i ka mortar e like me ka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka waiwai anti-sagging o ka mortar, e hoʻemi i ka pili ʻana o ka mortar pulu, a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa wehe.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka starch ethers me ka cellulose, ka hopena i nā waiwai hoʻohui a me nā pono o nā huahana ʻelua.No ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā huahana starch ether ma mua o ka cellulose ether, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka starch ether i loko o ka mortar e lawe mai i kahi hōʻemi nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i ka mortar.
3. Guar gum etera
ʻO Guar gum ether kahi ʻano polysaccharide etherified me nā waiwai kūikawā, i hoʻololi ʻia mai nā pīni guar maoli.ʻO ka mea nui ma o ka hopena etherification ma waena o ka guar gum a me nā hui hana acrylic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hale i loaʻa nā pūʻulu hana 2-hydroxypropyl, ʻo ia ka polygalactomannose structure.
①Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka guar gum ether i ka wai.ʻAʻohe hopena o PH i ka hana o ka guar gum ether.
②Ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i ka guar gum ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose ether i ka nui like, a loaʻa ka paʻa wai like.Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa, anti-sag, thixotropy a pēlā aku.
③Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka guar gum ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose ether, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea ʻelua e hana maikaʻi aʻe.
④ ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka guar gum i ka gypsum-based mortar hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka adhesion i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kūkulu ʻana.ʻAʻohe hopena ʻino i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho a me ka ikaika o ka mortar gypsum.
⑤ Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka guar gum i ka sima a me ka plastering mortar, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka cellulose ether i ka nui like, a hāʻawi i ka mortar me ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, thixotropy a me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana.
⑥I loko o ka mortar me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka mea mālama wai, e hana pū ka guar gum a me cellulose ether e hoʻokō i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.
⑦ Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka gum guar i nā huahana e like me nā tile adhesives, nā mea hoʻonaninani ponoʻī i ka lepo, ka putty kūpaʻa wai, a me ka mortar polymer no ka pale ʻana i ka paia.
4. Hoʻololi ʻia ka mānoanoa mālama wai mineral
ʻO ka mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai i hana ʻia i nā minela kūlohelohe ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana ua hoʻohana ʻia ma Kina.ʻO nā minela nui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, etc. Aia kēia mau minerala i kekahi mau waiwai mālama wai a mānoanoa ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana e like me nā mea hoʻohui.ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mortar i kēia mau ʻano.
① Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar maʻamau, a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻana o ka mortar sima, ka ikaika haʻahaʻa o ka mortar hui ʻia, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻole o ka wai.
② Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā huahana mortar me nā pae ikaika like ʻole no nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kīwila.
③He haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai.
④ ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma mua o nā mea mālama wai kūlohelohe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maloʻo maloʻo o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka cohesiveness.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-03-2023